PSG has now won the season-opening trophy on fourteen separate times.
The Parisian giants required a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a successful spot-kick decider to overcome their arch-rivals in the Gulf and secure a fourth straight Trophee des Champions title.
The European champions seemed to be sailing towards a comfortable win in the match featuring the French league winners and the Coupe de France holders after the French winger opened the net in the opening stages.
Yet, the southern French side fired twice late to take a shock lead. First, Mason Greenwood scored from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable twist of fortune, the Portuguese striker grabbed a crucial equaliser in the final seconds to force the match into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Lucas Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, stopping crucial attempts from O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and the young talent all converted successfully for PSG to seal a 4-1 shootout win.
The record winners Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now won this competition for the twelfth time in the last thirteen years.